Summary: The Tensile Strength and Elongation to Break (stretch) is the average of tests performed on the four cross direction quarters of the material. A 1 " wide by 10" long strip is clamped at both ends and stretched at a constant rate until the equipment senses a break.

Use: Test results are used in produce development, process control, and material comparison. The machine direction tensile strength of CEQUIN, TUFQUIN, and millboard is tested regularly.
The machine direction tensile strength of film and glass laminates and the cross direction tensile strength of paper and millboard products are only occasionally tested following product development.

Summary: Tear Strength is the materials resistance to tearing once a tear has started.
A sufficient number of 2 ½” wide by 3" strips of paper or laminate from the four cross direction quarters of the web is clamped in the jaws. The strips are slit to a specified depth and the pendulum is released. The pendulum swing is converted to tear strength (grams). Tear strength is the average value of the tests. M.D. and C.D. tear strength tests are tested as the directionality of the material permits.

Use: Test results are useful in product development and material comparison.
Testing is only occasionally performed following product development.

Summary: Flame resistance is the length of time, in seconds, a ½” wide by 5 ½” long bar continues to glow or burn following a flame application. Other criteria are the flame reaching the clamp, and flame droplets igniting cotton padding placed under the bar.

Burn-through resistance is the materials resistance to a flame burning a hole in the material.

In both tests, a Bunsen burner was used to apply a controlled flame for a specified length of time.

Use: Test results are used in product development and acceptance testing. The tests are performed on products having UL 94 certification.

Summary: The caliper is the average thickness of eight equally spaced points along a cross direction strip of material. A bench micrometer with a 5/8” presser foot applying 7.3 psi is used.

Use: The test results are used in process control and acceptance sampling.

Summary: The caliper is the average thickness of twenty equally spaced points along a cross direction strip of material. An Ames dial indicator with ¼” anvils is used in the test.

Use: The test results are used in process control and acceptance sampling.

Summary: The Thermal Conductivity of a material is its ability to transfer heat energy across a temperature difference. A sample is placed between metal cylinders maintained at different temperature. Using the sample thickness, test data is converted to a thermal conductivity value, expressed in watts per meter per degree Kelvin or W/m-°K. Test conditions, such as applied pressure, greatly affect the measured thermal conductivity of some materials.

Use: Test results are useful in product development and material comparisons. Ideally, alternative materials should be tested side by side, and at different pressures when practical. Testing is infrequent following product development

Summary: Percent moisture is determined by weighing a 10-20 gram sample, placing it in an oven at a preset temperature (105°C or 140°C) for 15 to 30 minutes, then reweighing the sample immediately upon removal from the oven. The weight loss in percent of the original weight is the moisture content.

Use: Test results are mainly useful in process control. These test results have some limited use in product development and material comparisons.

Summary: A rectangular sample is cut to a specified length and width and clamped in the jaws of the tester. The tester applies a force to a pendulum through the sample. The stiffness is determined when the sample flexes sufficiently to release the pendulum.

Use: Test results are useful in product development and material comparisons. Ideally, alternative materials should be tested side by side. Some products lose a significant amount of stiffness when flexed.

Summary: The Dielectric Constant is the ratio of an insulating materials ability to store electrical energy to that of air. A low dielectric Constant (<4) is desirable in insulation used in electrical equipment such as motors and transformers. The dissipation factor rates an insulating materials rate of power consumption when subjected to an alternating voltage.
Voltage is applied using cylindrical electrodes. Sample conditioning and test conditions greatly influence test results. Different materials are affected differently.
Relative permitivity is another term for dielectric Constant. Loss factor and power factor are more or less equivalent terms for dissipation factor.

Use: The test results are useful in product development and comparisons.

Summary: The Basis Weight of flexible insulation is measured using 9 15/16” M.D. by 8" C.D. rectangular samples from the four cross direction quarters of the web. The basis weight of millboard is measured using four 12" by 12" samples from the four cross direction quarters of a millboard sheet.

Use: Test results are used in process control, material comparisons, and in acceptance sampling where specified.

Summary: Mullen Burst strength is the hydraulic pressure required to cause a rubber diaphragm to burst a sample. A cross direction strip of paper is folded a specific number of times and placed between two clamps. Mullen is the average of four such tests.

Use: Test results are used in product development, process control, and material comparisons. The test is performed on CEQUIN papers. It is not performed on products such as TUFQUIN, film and glass laminates, or millboard, where directionality or other factors cause damage to the diaphragm.

Summary: Alternating voltage, increased from zero to the value at which breakdown occurs, is applied to the specimen. Failure should occur within 10 to 20 seconds. The breakdown voltage is the average of tour tests. Dielectric strength is the breakdown voltage divided by the thickness.

Use: Test results are used in product development, process control, and material comparisons. In general, the results cannot be used to determine the dielectric behaviour of a material in an application. Voltage endurance and partial discharge testing as well as breakdown voltage testing after thermal aging should also be performed. Ideally, alternative materials should be tested side by side.

Last Modification Donnerstag, 10. Juli 2014 at 07:34:51